There is not one designate cause for the existence of sexual exploitation of children. Several factors contribute to the existence of it. These factors are related to both the demand and the supply side. Some factors are universal, other factors originate from the history and socio-cultural context of a country or region.

Poverty
Psychological factors
Socio-economic factors
Cultural aspects
HIV/Aids
Political situation
Increasing consumption need
Tourism
No birth registration
Armed conflict